The recent analysis conducted by the team of scientists from The University of Texas at Austin revealed a concerning trend in seismic activity within the Midland Basin. While earthquakes have historically been concentrated in the southwest region near Odessa and Midland, researchers have identified a shift in seismicity toward the northeast, particularly impacting the community of Big Spring.
Through the utilization of data collected by the TexNet seismic monitoring network, researchers were able to pinpoint an extensive seismogenic fault zone stretching towards the northeast edge of the basin. This newly activated fault zone poses a significant threat as it has the potential to trigger future earthquakes that could be felt by residents, especially given its proximity to major cities along Interstate 20. Dino Huang, a research assistant professor at the Jackson School of Geosciences, highlighted the importance of this discovery in a recent publication in the journal Seismological Research Letters.
The passive seismic analysis technique employed by the researchers allowed for a detailed examination of the depth, location, and orientation of geologic faults within the Midland Basin. By piecing together previously unmapped fault structures, the team identified a rift structure in the deep basement rock of the basin, surrounded by a network of smaller faults. This comprehensive analysis unveiled 15 distinct earthquake-producing zones, shedding light on potential sources of stress in the subsurface that could lead to future seismic events.
Based on statistical analysis of TexNet data, researchers observed an increase in seismicity within the basin since 2018. While this indicates a higher likelihood of future earthquakes compared to pre-2018 levels, it does not provide specific insights into the frequency, magnitude, or timing of potential earthquakes. Nevertheless, recent seismic activity suggests that zones 6-8, particularly northwest of Big Spring and Stanton, are more susceptible to future earthquakes as stress propagates through the fault system.
The Midland Basin serves as a significant hub for oil and gas extraction in Texas. The injection of wastewater from these operations into the subsurface has contributed to increased stress along faults, leading to induced seismicity. By analyzing data from TexNet, researchers are gaining a better understanding of the state of stress within the fault system and how to mitigate the associated seismic risks. This knowledge is crucial for operators to make informed decisions regarding wastewater injection operations to ensure the productivity of the basin while minimizing earthquake hazards.
The shifting seismic activity in the Midland Basin poses a pressing concern for residents and operators in the region. The comprehensive analysis conducted by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin provides valuable insights into the potential sources of future earthquakes and the importance of monitoring and managing induced seismicity in areas of active oil and gas extraction. By staying vigilant and proactive in addressing seismic risks, stakeholders can work towards a safer and more sustainable future for the Midland Basin.